{"id":124449,"date":"2024-05-14T08:43:24","date_gmt":"2024-05-14T07:43:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/easo.org\/?p=124449"},"modified":"2024-05-20T08:52:15","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T07:52:15","slug":"severe-obesity-in-childhood-can-halve-life-expectancy-global-modelling-study-finds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/easo.org\/fr\/severe-obesity-in-childhood-can-halve-life-expectancy-global-modelling-study-finds\/","title":{"rendered":"Une \u00e9tude mondiale montre que l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 s\u00e9v\u00e8re chez les enfants peut r\u00e9duire de moiti\u00e9 leur esp\u00e9rance de vie"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><em>Impact de l'\u00e2ge d'apparition, de la gravit\u00e9 et de la dur\u00e9e de l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 infantile quantifi\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Un mod\u00e8le d'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 pr\u00e9coce r\u00e9v\u00e8le qu'un enfant souffrant d'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 s\u00e9v\u00e8re \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 4 ans et qui ne perd pas de poids a une esp\u00e9rance de vie de seulement 39 ans. Mais la perte de poids peut lui faire gagner plusieurs d\u00e9cennies de vie.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>L'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 infantile est une maladie potentiellement mortelle, selon des chercheurs<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Communications visuelles \u00e9cologiques 738 et 739<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Une nouvelle \u00e9tude pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e lors du Congr\u00e8s europ\u00e9en sur l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 (ECO) \u00e0 Venise, en Italie (du 12 au 15 mai), a quantifi\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois l'impact des diff\u00e9rents aspects de l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 infantile sur la sant\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme et l'esp\u00e9rance de vie.<\/p>\n<p>La mod\u00e9lisation r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par stradoo GmbH, un cabinet de conseil en sciences de la vie bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Munich, en Allemagne, initi\u00e9e et soutenue par Rhythm Pharmaceuticals et pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par le Dr Urs Wiedemann, de stradoo.<strong>,\u00a0<\/strong>et leurs coll\u00e8gues des universit\u00e9s et h\u00f4pitaux du Royaume-Uni, des Pays-Bas, de France, de Su\u00e8de, d'Espagne, des \u00c9tats-Unis et d'Allemagne ont d\u00e9couvert que l'\u00e2ge d'apparition, la gravit\u00e9 et la dur\u00e9e de l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 ont tous une incidence n\u00e9gative sur l'esp\u00e9rance de vie.<\/p>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement de l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 \u00e0 un tr\u00e8s jeune \u00e2ge s'est av\u00e9r\u00e9 avoir un effet particuli\u00e8rement profond.<\/p>\n<p>Par exemple, un enfant souffrant d'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 s\u00e9v\u00e8re (score Z de l'IMC de 3,5) \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de quatre ans, qui ne perd pas de poids par la suite, a une esp\u00e9rance de vie de 39 ans, soit environ la moiti\u00e9 de l'esp\u00e9rance de vie moyenne.<\/p>\n<p>Le Dr Wiedemann d\u00e9clare : \u201c S'il est largement admis que l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 infantile augmente le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires et d'affections connexes telles que le diab\u00e8te de type 2 (DT2), et qu'elle peut r\u00e9duire l'esp\u00e9rance de vie, les preuves concernant l'ampleur de cet impact sont fragmentaires.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c Une meilleure compr\u00e9hension de l'ampleur pr\u00e9cise des cons\u00e9quences \u00e0 long terme et des facteurs qui les d\u00e9terminent pourrait contribuer \u00e0 \u00e9clairer les politiques de pr\u00e9vention et les approches th\u00e9rapeutiques, ainsi qu'\u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la sant\u00e9 et \u00e0 prolonger la dur\u00e9e de vie. \u201d<\/p>\n<p>Pour en savoir plus, les chercheurs ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 un mod\u00e8le d'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 pr\u00e9coce qui leur a permis d'estimer l'effet de l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 infantile sur les maladies cardiovasculaires et les affections connexes telles que le diab\u00e8te de type 2 (DT2), ainsi que sur l'esp\u00e9rance de vie.<\/p>\n<p>Quatre variables cl\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises en compte : l'\u00e2ge d'apparition de l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, la dur\u00e9e de l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, l'accumulation de risques irr\u00e9versibles (une mesure des risques irr\u00e9versibles li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, \u00e0 savoir les effets sur la sant\u00e9 qui persistent m\u00eame apr\u00e8s une perte de poids) et la gravit\u00e9 de l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>La gravit\u00e9 de l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 partir des scores Z de l'IMC. Mesure largement utilis\u00e9e pour \u00e9valuer le poids chez les enfants et les adolescents, les scores Z de l'IMC indiquent dans quelle mesure l'IMC d'un individu s'\u00e9carte de l'IMC normal pour son \u00e2ge et son sexe, les valeurs \u00e9lev\u00e9es correspondant \u00e0 un poids \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Par exemple, un gar\u00e7on de 4 ans mesurant en moyenne 103 cm et pesant environ 16,5 kg (2 st 8 lb), soit un poids \u201c normal \u201d, aura un score Z d'IMC de 0. Un gar\u00e7on du m\u00eame \u00e2ge et de la m\u00eame taille qui p\u00e8se 19,5 kg (3 st 1 lb) aura un score Z d'IMC de 2, ce qui le place juste dans la fourchette de l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, et un gar\u00e7on qui p\u00e8se 22,7 kg (3 st 8 lb) aura un score Z d'IMC de 3,5, ce qui indique une ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 s\u00e9v\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es proviennent de 50 \u00e9tudes cliniques existantes sur l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 et les comorbidit\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, telles que le diab\u00e8te de type 2, les \u00e9v\u00e9nements cardiovasculaires et la st\u00e9atose h\u00e9patique. Ces \u00e9tudes ont port\u00e9 sur plus de 10 millions de participants issus de pays du monde entier, dont environ 2,7 millions \u00e9taient \u00e2g\u00e9s de 2 \u00e0 29 ans.<\/p>\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le montre qu'une ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 pr\u00e9coce et plus grave augmente le risque de d\u00e9velopper des comorbidit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Par exemple, une personne ayant un score Z d'IMC de 3,5 (ce qui indique une ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 s\u00e9v\u00e8re) \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 4 ans et qui ne perd pas de poids a 27% de chances de d\u00e9velopper un DT2 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 25 ans et 45% de chances de d\u00e9velopper un DT2 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 35 ans.<\/p>\n<p>En revanche, une personne ayant un score Z d'IMC de 2 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 4 ans aura 6,51 % de chances de d\u00e9velopper un DT2 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 25 ans et 221 % de chances \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 35 ans.<\/p>\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le d'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 pr\u00e9coce montre \u00e9galement qu'un score Z d'IMC plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 \u00e0 un \u00e2ge pr\u00e9coce entra\u00eene une esp\u00e9rance de vie plus courte.<\/p>\n<p>Par exemple, un score Z de l'IMC de 2 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 4 ans sans r\u00e9duction de poids ult\u00e9rieure r\u00e9duit l'esp\u00e9rance de vie moyenne d'environ 80 \u00e0 65 ans. L'esp\u00e9rance de vie est encore r\u00e9duite \u00e0 50 ans pour un score Z de l'IMC de 2,5 et \u00e0 39 ans pour un score Z de l'IMC de 3,5.<\/p>\n<p>En revanche, un score Z de l'IMC de 3,5 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 12 ans sans perte de poids ult\u00e9rieure donne une esp\u00e9rance de vie moyenne de 42 ans.<\/p>\n<p>Des comparaisons avec des donn\u00e9es issues d'\u00e9tudes non incluses dans le mod\u00e8le et les avis d'experts de renom ont confirm\u00e9 la pr\u00e9cision du mod\u00e8le.<\/p>\n<p>Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 possible de mod\u00e9liser l'effet de la perte de poids sur l'esp\u00e9rance de vie et la sant\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme. Par exemple, une personne souffrant d'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 s\u00e9v\u00e8re pr\u00e9coce (score Z de l'IMC de 4 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 4 ans) qui ne perd pas de poids par la suite a une esp\u00e9rance de vie de 37 ans et un risque de 55% de d\u00e9velopper un diab\u00e8te de type 2 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 35 ans. Une perte de poids qui aboutit \u00e0 un score Z de l'IMC de 2 (juste dans la fourchette de l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9) \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 6 ans augmentera l'esp\u00e9rance de vie \u00e0 64 ans et r\u00e9duira le risque de diab\u00e8te de type 2 \u00e0 29%.<\/p>\n<p>La mod\u00e9lisation montre \u00e9galement que perdre du poids t\u00f4t dans la vie permet de gagner plus d'ann\u00e9es de vie que perdre du poids tardivement.<\/p>\n<p>Le Dr Wiedemann d\u00e9clare : \u201c Le mod\u00e8le d'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 pr\u00e9coce montre que la perte de poids a un effet remarquable sur l'esp\u00e9rance de vie et le risque de comorbidit\u00e9, en particulier lorsque la perte de poids intervient t\u00f4t dans la vie. \u201d<\/p>\n<p>Les limites du mod\u00e8le incluent le fait de ne pas prendre en compte la cause de l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, les facteurs de risque g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques, les diff\u00e9rences ethniques ou sexuelles, ainsi que l'interaction entre les diff\u00e9rentes comorbidit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Le Dr Wiedemann conclut : \u201c L'impact de l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 infantile sur l'esp\u00e9rance de vie est consid\u00e9rable.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c Il est clair que l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 infantile doit \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une maladie potentiellement mortelle. Il est essentiel que le traitement ne soit pas report\u00e9 jusqu'\u00e0 l'apparition du diab\u00e8te de type 2, de l'hypertension art\u00e9rielle ou d'autres \u2018 signes avant-coureurs \u2019, mais qu'il soit mis en place d\u00e8s le plus jeune \u00e2ge.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c Un diagnostic pr\u00e9coce devrait et peut am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 et la dur\u00e9e de vie. \u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Contact abstrait \u2013 Dr Urs Wiedemann, stradoo GmbH, Munich, Allemagne\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u00a0E)\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"mailto:u.wiedemann@stradoo.com\"><strong>u.wiedemann@stradoo.com<\/strong><\/a><u><\/u><\/p>\n<p><strong>Notes aux r\u00e9dacteurs :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement du mod\u00e8le par Stradoo a \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9 par Rhythm Pharmaceuticals. Nicolas Touchot est employ\u00e9 chez Rhythm Pharmaceuticals. Urs Wiedemann et Jan Luca Schorfheide sont employ\u00e9s chez Stradoo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pour consulter les r\u00e9sum\u00e9s complets, cliquez ici.\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Nt5zJWHS9GFQc0l6b-WHRN4L3ttZd7b2\/view?usp=sharing\"><strong>ici<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0et\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1UprX565gGmGfoXUpGstFMAQNYRdCOBCW\/view?usp=sharing\"><strong>ici<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pour voir l'affiche compl\u00e8te, cliquez ici.\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1w12nH6EE81KtYUGbCqHJ0qBcBLbyTsob\/view?usp=sharing\"><strong>ici<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0et\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1k1IuNJW2_taM9niZU7E6m85EqrdssopA\/view?usp=sharing\"><strong>ici<\/strong><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Impact of age of onset, severity and duration of childhood obesity quantified for the first time Early onset obesity model finds that a child who is living with severe obesity at age 4 and doesn\u2019t lose weight has a life expectancy of just 39. But weight loss can give back decades of life Childhood obesity [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":124342,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[68],"tags":[549],"class_list":["post-124449","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eco","tag-eco2024-day-four"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Severe obesity in childhood can halve life expectancy, global modelling study finds - EASO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/easo.org\/fr\/severe-obesity-in-childhood-can-halve-life-expectancy-global-modelling-study-finds\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Severe obesity in childhood can halve life expectancy, global modelling study finds - EASO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Impact of age of onset, severity and duration of childhood obesity quantified for the first time Early onset obesity model finds that a child who is living with severe obesity at age 4 and doesn\u2019t lose weight has a life expectancy of just 39. 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