{"id":124406,"date":"2024-05-12T08:21:30","date_gmt":"2024-05-12T07:21:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/easo.org\/?p=124406"},"modified":"2024-05-20T08:28:12","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T07:28:12","slug":"the-anti-inflammatory-power-of-aerobic-exercise-in-adults-with-obesity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/easo.org\/fr\/the-anti-inflammatory-power-of-aerobic-exercise-in-adults-with-obesity\/","title":{"rendered":"Le pouvoir anti-inflammatoire de l'exercice a\u00e9robique chez les adultes ob\u00e8ses"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><strong><em>L'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 est un \u00e9tat d'inflammation chronique l\u00e9g\u00e8re qui provoque plusieurs maladies m\u00e9taboliques, notamment le diab\u00e8te, les crises cardiaques et les accidents vasculaires c\u00e9r\u00e9braux.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>L'exercice physique est un moyen naturel de renforcer les r\u00e9ponses du syst\u00e8me immunitaire de l'organisme afin de r\u00e9duire l'inflammation.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Les r\u00e9sultats soulignent les bienfaits d'une ann\u00e9e d'activit\u00e9 physique mod\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 intense, conform\u00e9ment aux recommandations, pour r\u00e9duire l'inflammation l\u00e9g\u00e8re li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 apr\u00e8s une perte de poids.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9sum\u00e9 584 : Communication visuelle verte de premier plan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>De nouvelles recherches pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es cette ann\u00e9e lors du Congr\u00e8s europ\u00e9en sur l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 (ECO) \u00e0 Venise, en Italie (du 12 au 15 mai), r\u00e9v\u00e8lent le pouvoir anti-inflammatoire de l'exercice a\u00e9robique mod\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 intense chez les adultes souffrant d'inflammation chronique l\u00e9g\u00e8re li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, mettant en lumi\u00e8re son potentiel pour aider \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir de multiples maladies m\u00e9taboliques, notamment le diab\u00e8te de type 2 et l'ath\u00e9roscl\u00e9rose (obstruction des art\u00e8res).<\/p>\n<p>Une accumulation excessive de graisse dans les tissus adipeux (cellules graisseuses) entra\u00eene une inflammation chronique de faible intensit\u00e9, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par des niveaux chroniquement \u00e9lev\u00e9s de compos\u00e9s nocifs appel\u00e9s cytokines pro-inflammatoires, qui contribuent au d\u00e9veloppement de maladies m\u00e9taboliques.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c Nous savons que l'exercice physique peut r\u00e9duire le risque de complications li\u00e9es \u00e0 l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 et que les nouveaux m\u00e9dicaments amaigrissants, tels que les agonistes du r\u00e9cepteur du glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1 RA), initialement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s pour traiter le diab\u00e8te, r\u00e9duisent efficacement l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 et les troubles associ\u00e9s \u201d, explique le professeur Signe Torekov, auteur principal de l'\u00e9tude, de l'universit\u00e9 de Copenhague au Danemark. \u201c Dans cette analyse, nous avons voulu d\u00e9terminer si la combinaison de l'exercice physique et du GLP-1 RA pouvait r\u00e9duire l'inflammation chronique de faible intensit\u00e9 chez les personnes ob\u00e8ses, un processus qui est \u00e0 l'origine de nombreuses maladies chroniques et affections li\u00e9es \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge. \u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dans l'essai randomis\u00e9, en double aveugle et contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par placebo S-LITE, 195 adultes danois (\u00e2ge moyen 42 ans, 63% femmes) souffrant d'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 (IMC 32-43 kg\/m\u00b2) mais sans ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents de diab\u00e8te ont suivi un r\u00e9gime hypocalorique (800 kcal\/jour) pendant 8 semaines et ont perdu au moins 5% de leur poids corporel (perte de poids moyenne de 13,1 kg).<\/p>\n<p>Les participants ont ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 randomis\u00e9s pour suivre pendant un an un traitement comprenant soit un placebo (activit\u00e9 habituelle plus placebo), soit de l'exercice physique (au moins 150\/75 minutes d'exercice mod\u00e9r\u00e9\/intense par semaine, conform\u00e9ment aux recommandations de l'OMS, plus placebo), soit du liraglutide (3 mg\/jour plus activit\u00e9 habituelle), soit une combinaison d'exercice physique et de traitement au liraglutide afin de maintenir la perte de poids.<\/p>\n<p>Les participants se sont inject\u00e9s quotidiennement soit un placebo, soit du liraglutide (selon le groupe auquel ils appartenaient).<\/p>\n<p>L'intervention consistait en deux s\u00e9ances supervis\u00e9es par semaine d'exercices principalement intenses sur des v\u00e9los d'appartement (\u00e9valu\u00e9s en fonction de la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque) et les participants \u00e9taient encourag\u00e9s \u00e0 effectuer deux s\u00e9ances individuelles par semaine, afin d'atteindre un minimum de 150 minutes d'activit\u00e9 physique par semaine.<\/p>\n<p>Des \u00e9chantillons sanguins ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s avant et apr\u00e8s le r\u00e9gime hypocalorique et apr\u00e8s la p\u00e9riode de traitement d'un an afin de mesurer les changements dans les facteurs connus de l'inflammation chronique, \u00e0 savoir les cytokines inflammatoires telles que les interleukines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-\u03b3) et le facteur de n\u00e9crose tumorale alpha (TNF-\u03b1).<\/p>\n<p>Au bout d'un an, les patients du groupe trait\u00e9 uniquement par liraglutide avaient perdu en moyenne 0,7 kg suppl\u00e9mentaires ; ceux du groupe ayant pratiqu\u00e9 une activit\u00e9 physique avaient repris 2,0 kg ; et les participants du groupe placebo avaient repris environ la moiti\u00e9 de ce qu'ils avaient perdu (6,1 kg). Cependant, les participants du groupe ayant combin\u00e9 activit\u00e9 physique et liraglutide avaient perdu en moyenne 3,4 kg suppl\u00e9mentaires.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modifications des marqueurs inflammatoires<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s le r\u00e9gime hypocalorique, les taux de TNF-\u03b1 ont augment\u00e9 en moyenne de 8,41 TP3T, et les taux d'IL-10 ont augment\u00e9 de 11,71 TP3T. Les autres cytokines n'ont pas montr\u00e9 de changements significatifs apr\u00e8s l'intervention alimentaire. Le TNF-\u03b1 est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l'apoptose (mort cellulaire), et les auteurs \u00e9mettent l'hypoth\u00e8se que la perte de poids rapide entra\u00eene une augmentation transitoire du TNF-\u03b1 en tant que marqueur de stress.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la fin de la p\u00e9riode d'intervention d'un an, le groupe ayant pratiqu\u00e9 une activit\u00e9 physique a r\u00e9duit ses taux d'IL-6 de 31,91 TP3T en moyenne, et de 18,91 TP3T par rapport au groupe placebo. Des taux chroniquement \u00e9lev\u00e9s d'IL-6 sont associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des maladies cardiovasculaires telles que l'ath\u00e9roscl\u00e9rose et la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l'insuline. Le groupe ayant pratiqu\u00e9 une activit\u00e9 physique a \u00e9galement r\u00e9duit ses taux d'IFN-\u03b3 de 36,61 TP3T en moyenne, et de 37,21 TP3T par rapport au groupe placebo. L'IFN-y dans l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l'insuline.<\/p>\n<p>Les groupes trait\u00e9s par liraglutide et par association ont vu leurs taux d'IL-6 diminuer en moyenne de 17,31 TP3T et 19,91 TP3T, respectivement, au cours de la p\u00e9riode d'intervention, mais sans diff\u00e9rence significative par rapport au placebo. Cependant, aucun changement n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 dans les taux d'IFN-\u03b3 dans les groupes placebo, liraglutide ou association.<\/p>\n<p>Aucune diff\u00e9rence significative n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e entre les groupes en ce qui concerne les concentrations plasmatiques d'IL-2, d'IL-8, d'IL-10 et de TNF-\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c Nos r\u00e9sultats montrent que la pratique d'une activit\u00e9 physique conforme aux recommandations des lignes directrices \u00e9tait la strat\u00e9gie la plus efficace pour r\u00e9duire l'inflammation chronique de faible intensit\u00e9 \u201d, explique le professeur Torekov. \u201c Le traitement au liraglutide n'a pas r\u00e9duit l'inflammation davantage que le placebo, et l'ajout du liraglutide \u00e0 l'activit\u00e9 physique n'a pas r\u00e9duit davantage l'inflammation. Ces r\u00e9sultats soulignent les bienfaits d'une activit\u00e9 physique d'intensit\u00e9 mod\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 vigoureuse pour r\u00e9duire l'inflammation de faible intensit\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, ce qui pourrait contribuer \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir les maladies m\u00e9taboliques associ\u00e9es. \u201d<\/p>\n<p>Le taux d'abandon \u00e9tait faible. Au bout d'un an, 41 des 49 patients randomis\u00e9s dans le groupe liraglutide, 40 des 48 patients dans le groupe exercice, 45 des 49 patients dans le groupe combin\u00e9 et 40 des 49 patients dans le groupe placebo ont termin\u00e9 l'\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Contact abstrait \u2013 Professeur Signe S\u00f8rensen Torekov, Universit\u00e9 de Copenhague, Danemark E)\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"mailto:torekov@sund.ku.dk\"><strong>torekov@sund.ku.dk<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Conflit d'int\u00e9r\u00eats<\/strong><br \/>\nRMS : Un membre de sa famille d\u00e9tient actuellement des actions Novo Nordisk. JJH : Comit\u00e9s consultatifs : Novo Nordisk. SM : Comit\u00e9s consultatifs : AstraZeneca ; Boehringer Ingelheim ; Eli Lilly ; Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme ; Novo Nordisk ; Sanofi Aventis. Honoraires de conf\u00e9rencier : AstraZeneca ; Boehringer Ingelheim ; Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme ; Novo Nordisk ; Sanofi Aventis. B\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire de subventions : Novo Nordisk, Boehringer-Ingelheim. SST : B\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire de subventions et honoraires de conf\u00e9rencier, Novo Nordisk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Financement<br \/>\n<\/strong>L'essai randomis\u00e9 S-LiTE a \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9 par la bourse d'excellence de la Fondation Novo Nordisk (NNF16OC0019968), une subvention de la Fondation Novo Nordisk (NNF15SA0018346) et Helsefonden. Le GLP-1 RA (liraglutide 3,0 mg) et le placebo sont fournis par Novo Nordisk. Cambridge Weight Plan a fourni les produits de substitution alimentaire.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pour lire le r\u00e9sum\u00e9 complet, cliquez ici.\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ARITh0aBjd_Xyd1Uu0M5F6wFxS4Bpsfo\/view?usp=sharing\"><strong>ici<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pour voir l'affiche compl\u00e8te, cliquez ici.\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1igMgZIcmzFMPAHhG12V6-afsYWp4fxsP\/view?usp=sharing\"><strong>ici<\/strong><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Obesity is a state of low-grade chronic inflammation that causes multiple metabolic diseases, including diabetes, heart attack, and stroke. Exercise is a natural way to boost the body\u2019s immune system responses to reduce inflammation. Findings underscore the benefits of a year of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as per recommended guidelines in reducing the low-grade inflammation of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":124352,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[68],"tags":[547],"class_list":["post-124406","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eco","tag-eco2024-day-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The anti-inflammatory power of aerobic exercise in adults with obesity - EASO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/easo.org\/fr\/the-anti-inflammatory-power-of-aerobic-exercise-in-adults-with-obesity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The anti-inflammatory power of aerobic exercise in adults with obesity - EASO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Obesity is a state of low-grade chronic inflammation that causes multiple metabolic diseases, including diabetes, heart attack, and stroke. 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